He believes in the existence of a dual continuum.

The underlying reason, he says, is that removal of dissatisfying characteristics from a job does not necessarily make the job satisfying. Herzberg’s motivational and hygiene factors have been shown in the Table 17.1Īccording to Herzberg, the opposite of satisfaction is not dissatisfaction. Taken together, the motivators and hygiene factors have become known as Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation Herzberg labelled the job satisfiers motivators, and he called job dissatisfies hygiene or maintenance factors.

Reported good feelings were generally associated with job satisfaction, whereas bad feeling with job dissatisfaction. The replies respondents gave when they felt good about their jobs were significantly different from the replies given when they felt bad. The responses when analysed were found quite interesting and fairly consistent. (2) When did you feel exceptionally bad about your job? He used the critical incident method of obtaining data. However, inability to fulfill these needs results in feeling like inferiority, weakness and helplessness. The fulfillment of esteem needs leads to self-confidence, strength and capability of being useful in the organisation. They include such needs which indicate self-confidence, achievement, competence, knowledge and independence. These needs refer to self-esteem and self-respect. It is this socialising and belongingness why individuals prefer to work in groups and especially older people go to work. He is, therefore, interested in social interaction, companionship, belongingness, etc. Like physiological needs, these become inactive once they are satisfied. Meeting these needs requires more money and, hence, the individual is prompted to work more. These needs find expression in such desires as economic security and protection from physical dangers.

Safety Needs:Īfter satisfying the physiological needs, the next needs felt are called safety and security needs. Once physiological needs are satisfied, they no longer motivate the man. These needs are to be met first at least partly before higher level needs emerge. They exert tremendous influence on human behaviour. These needs relate to the survival and maintenance of human life.

These needs are basic to human life and, hence, include food, clothing, shelter, air, water and necessities of life.

8 x tables chart